小鼠肠癌造模
By Kaiyi
动物实验基本原则
参考文献:Aspartate signalling drives lung metastasis via alternative translation.
示例:All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Research Advisory Committee of XXX in compliance with all relevant ethical regulations. Both male and female mice were used. Mice were housed under a regimen of 12 h light:12 h dark in non-specific pathogen-free (conventional) facility with a constant supply of food and water. Temperature was checked daily and maintained at 22 ± 2 °C, humidity was checked daily and maintained between 45–70%. Sample size was determined using power calculations with B = 0.8 and P < 0.05 based on preliminary data and in compliance with the 3R system: replacement, reduction, refinement. All mice were randomized before injections and samples were analysed in a blinded manner.
肿瘤大小:Primary tumour volumes (calculated using the following formula: volume = (π/6) × length × width × height) were measured during every experiment using a manual calliper and weighted at the end of the experiment. During the course of the experiments, mice were monitored for detection of humane end points, determined using a score sheet (tumour size of 1.8 cm3, loss of ability to ambulate, laboured respiration, surgical infection or weight loss over 10% of the initial body weight). For all experiments the tumour volume did not exceeded 1.8 cm3.
1、原位瘤模型
1)皮下荷瘤
2)直肠原位荷瘤
3)PDX荷瘤
2、转移瘤模型
1)脾脏注射肝转移模型(Intrasplenic injection of tumor cells followed by splenectomy)
2)尾静脉/眶后静脉注射肺转移模型
参考文献:Zeb1 mediates EMT/plasticity-associated ferroptosis sensitivity in cancer cells by regulating lipogenic enzyme expression and phospholipid composition
总体描述:100 μl PBS containing 5 × 104 cells were injected into the tail vein of 8-week-old C57BL/6NRj mice ( Janvier Labs). Littermates of both sexes were randomized for all treatment cohorts, monitored twice per week and killed 3 weeks after injection. Lungs were isolated, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. Lung tissues were sectioned at 4-μM thickness and stained with haematoxylin and eosin solution. Per mice, metastatic lesions were screened on three sections separated by at least 200 μm. Quantification was performed by analysing the number of metastases as well as metastatic areas normalized to the respective lung area using ImageJ v.1.53a. For each treatment condition, nine mice were used in three independent experiments. The number and size of metastases never exceeded the maximal burden permitted by the local authorities.
1、术前准备
术前1天:动物房传入小鼠麻醉剂(三溴乙醇)、小鼠耳标、耳标钳、1毫升注射器、胰岛素针(0.25*8mm,U-40(1毫升40小格,每小格25μL));
计算需要的肿瘤细胞量并铺板;
2、消化细胞
提前准备肿瘤细胞,术前胰酶消化,200G离心3min;
用8mL 预热的PBS重悬细胞,计数,再离心;
用PBS重悬至1*10^6个/mL(细胞注射量需要预实验摸索,HCT116注射NSG按每只小鼠100μL(1*10^5个)准备细胞,并多准备20%的余量)
3、术前准备
将细胞悬浮液放在冰上;
提前拿出并打开加热垫,酒精棉球擦拭;
对小鼠进行称重并记录;
根据小鼠体重,腹腔注射0.2 mL/10g 体重的三溴乙醇,麻醉小鼠(20g小鼠三溴乙醇用量在350-400μL之间);
用耳标进行标记,并记录分组;
4、手术操作
颠倒混匀细胞悬液,用胰岛素针吸取100μL细胞悬液;
固定小鼠头部,并使眼球突出于眼眶,进行眼眶后注射(Retro-orbital injections);
注射前针尖(尖口朝向内侧,以保护眼球不被划伤)与小鼠鼻尖方向呈30°角缓慢刺入内眦,深度为2~3mm,见注射器有回血即可进行注射。注射时缓慢推注,结束后缓慢退针;
5、取材操作
注射3周后,处死小鼠,取肺组织,用4%PFA固定,制作石蜡切片;
每个蜡块切3刀,相隔200μm(50刀)以上,切成4μm薄片,进行HE染色并扫片;
对转移灶数量以及转移面积进行定量(相对于肺切片面积);
3)盲肠原位注射自发肝转移模型
1、术前准备:
术前2天:传入小鼠麻醉剂(三溴乙醇)、小鼠耳标、耳标钳、脱毛膏、1毫升注射器;
术前1天:
麻醉小鼠后,标记耳标以及腹部脱毛;
传入胰岛素针(0.25*8mm,U-40(1毫升40小格,每小格25μL))、手术器械(直剪、弯剪、镊子、持针器若干)、手术缝线、AutoClip连续缝合器及缝合钉、棉签、小鼠加热垫;
2、消化细胞
提前准备2个T75或10cm皿的肿瘤细胞,术前胰酶消化,200G离心3min;
用8mL 预热的PBS重悬细胞,计数,再离心;
用PBS重悬至4*10^7个/mL(一个T75的HCT116长满约1*10^7,用250μL PBS重悬)【按每只小鼠50μL(2*10^6个)准备细胞,并多准备20%的余量】
3、术前准备
将细胞悬浮液放在冰上;
提前拿出并打开加热垫,酒精棉球擦拭;
对小鼠进行称重并记录;
根据小鼠体重,腹腔注射0.2 mL/10g 体重的三溴乙醇,麻醉小鼠(20g小鼠三溴乙醇用量在350-400μL之间);
用酒精或碘伏对小鼠腹部进行消毒;在手术部位周围放置无菌纱布,防止污染;
4、手术操作
使用镊子和手术剪刀,打开腹部外层及内部肌肉层;
使用镊子和棉签识别并暴露盲肠(盲肠通常位于胃的右侧),不要用镊子拖动组织;
颠倒混匀细胞悬液,用胰岛素针吸取50μL细胞悬液;
用棉签固定注射部位(避开血管),将胰岛素注射器的针头针尖朝上,轻轻插入浆膜下层(约1毫米);
将50μL细胞悬液缓慢注入半透明浆膜下层,并握住注射器一段时间以防止泄露。如果注射成功,将观察到浆膜下肿胀;
检查注射部位是否泄漏和出血,用生物胶水封闭肠壁防止泄露,将盲肠轻轻还纳入腹腔;
使用无菌缝合线和持针器,用不连续的结闭合内部肌肉层,用AutoClip缝合皮肤层;
5、术后处理
给小鼠注射50 μL的地塞米松(0.1 mg/mL),以避免手术引起的炎症,持续3天;
术后密切观察伤口愈合情况,记录体重;
4-6周后小鼠将死亡;
创建一个excel文件来记录每只鼠标的数据。要记录的数据应包括性别、出生日期、年龄和手术前的体重,以及终点的体重。在终点,应记录肿瘤重量、肝转移数量、原发性肿瘤和肝脏的照片。
4)结肠镜引导下的类器官粘膜下注射结直肠癌转移模型(Colonoscopy-guided submucosal injection of CRC organoids)
传代后 36 小时,机械解离 AKPS 或 APTAK 类器官,重悬于 OptiMEM中(对于 AKPS,每只小鼠在 50 μl OptiMEM 中放入 1 个 50 μl Matrigel 圆顶;对于 APTAK,每只小鼠在 50 μl OptiMEM 中放入 3 个 50 μl Matrigel 圆顶) )。
麻醉小鼠并将其仰卧在加热垫(37°C)上。
使用安装在 50 ml 注射器上的血管内导管上的塑料管,用37 °C预热的 PBS 将结肠中的粪便排出。 使用定制注射针(33 gauge, 400 mm length, point style 4, 45° angle, Hamilton)、注射器,和带有集成工作通道的结肠镜(Storz)注射类器官溶液。
将针头接触结肠粘膜,快速输送50μl类器官溶液,形成粘膜下注射泡。 然后对小鼠进行监测,直到达到实验或人道终点。
参考文献:
In vivo interaction screening reveals liver-derived constraints to metastasis;
Colonoscopy-based colorectal cancer modeling in mice with CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing and organoid transplantation
5)类器官脾脏注射转移模型
参考文献:In vivo interaction screening reveals liver-derived constraints to metastasis
所有手术器械在使用前均经过消毒,手术过程在无菌条件下进行。
将手术部位的皮肤剃毛并用碘伏/酒精消毒。
使用无菌器械,在皮肤和腹膜壁上切开切口以暴露脾脏。 将无菌纱布放置在脾脏下方。
对于每只小鼠,收集 4 个 50 μl AKPS 类器官圆孔(dome),在冰 PBS 中清洗基质胶,并使用 20 ml 注射器上的 20 G 针进行机械解离。 将解离的类器官在 290g 下离心沉淀 3 分钟,重悬于 0.04ml 无菌 PBS 中,并用胰岛素注射器(0.3ml,30G)注射到脾被膜下。
10分钟后,结扎关闭脾动脉和静脉。 紧接着,脾脏被切除。
用无菌PBS清洗伤口3次。 用可吸收的聚乳酸缝合线(Vicryl 4-0或5-0涂层)封闭腹膜壁,并用缝线/伤口夹封闭皮肤。
监测小鼠的体重减轻,并在注射肿瘤细胞后最多3周终止实验。
生物发光成像(BLI)
工作液配置:
溶解 1 g荧光素钾盐或钠盐于 66.6 ml 无Ca2+和Mg2+的DPBS中,配置成 15 mg/mL的溶液。
混匀,0.2μm滤膜过滤(可吹入惰性气体,如氮气,以防止氧化。)-80℃避光保存,一年内有效。
使用:
在冰上避光解冻(若是在冰上比较难解冻,可短暂温浴,并轻柔混匀)。
按照动物体重 150 mg/kg进行注射,(例如,20 g重的小鼠需要注射腹腔注射200μl )
注射入体内10-20 min(待光信号达到最强稳定平台期),再进行成像分析。
注:建议对每只动物模型都需要建立荧光素酶动力学曲线,从而确定最高信号检测时间和信号平台期。
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